The Little Foxes by Lillian Hellman :: The Little Foxes

Lillian Hellmans The Little Foxes shows a large amount of feminist movement throughout the play. Lillian intertwines economical independent with feminism several times. Regina Hubbard is constantly the main character involved with the economical independence and feminism. Birdy and Alexandra Hubbard are portrayed for their top executive to machinate above the oppression that surrounds them during most of the play. Hellmans portrayal of Regina shows her as the wickedest character. This serves as a foundation to the message that when women are powerless they will do anything to over come it (Friedman 81). Regina shows her true nature towards the end of the play. Regina was forced to stay with Horace after she married him because she had none of her own financial backing. Since Hellman had equated money with independence Regina has no option but to stay with Horace until she gains her own money and in turn her independence. Her strife for independence highlights her feminist nature . She is willing to endure unhappiness for as long as it takes to be independent (Friedman 82). Regina appears cold and conniving. While her husband lays dying in the house, she tells her bothers and Leo that she can put them in jail for what they have done wholly while keeping it unknown that she does not really know what happened. Her calm and calculating demeanor as she negotiates shows her as a very focused person. level(p) though her husband lies dying she only appears to care about her money and how she can manipulate her brothers to her advantage (Galens 166). Regina says that she marries Horace solely for his money and status. She stats that she hates him and cannot wait until he dies. This blowup that shows Reginas true feelings allows the reader to see her as a feminist in a way. She was so determined to get what she wanted that she bounded herself in a situation that she abhors for years just for a chance to achieve her goal (Galens 156). At the end of the play Alexand ra ask her mother is she afraid (225). This telephone circuit parallels the one in Whos Afraid of Virginia Wolf. This gives the idea that Regina only terrorized others as a coping mechanism to get over her own fears. Reginas ability to overcome her fears shows her feminist side despite the immoral methods she chose (lord 146).Reginas daughter Alexandra has had her decisions made for her by her mother in the early parts of the play.

The Little Prince ? A Closer L :: essays research papers

Having read the article The Gift Of Imagination this unity quote best describes imagination in us. Almost all children have acute imaginations. A few retain them. But somewhere in the process of growing up, most people reject it or learn to conceal it or deny that they have it, even though they use it every day. Silver Donald Cameron. As we grow up we loose our imagination and form ourselves to the norm of society. In the impudent The Little Prince, by Antoine de Saint Exupery imagination is evident throughout the entire novel with the grown up and child. The building blocks in the novel are imagination, life of Antoine, novel, movie comparison, childlike and grownup characteristics, heady stuff and the secret found on page 87.Antoine de Saint Exupery is a French gentleman born in Lyon, France in the year 1900. Being born into a poor aristocratic family, he became a pilot and worked as a post carrier. Antoine had none to very little of a social life. He traveled to Canada and N ew York in 1942 with his wife Consuela. Antoine never considered himself a writer, he saw himself as a pilot. While working as a pilot Antoine crashed in the Sahara desert. Most often in coffee shops Antoine would doodle on the napkins drawing cartoons. Antoines friend would keep all of his drawings. Consuela bought him a doll along with Antoines drawings The Little Prince was written. While working for the French government in 1944, Antoines categoric was shot down while flying in German territory taking pictures. The wreckage has never been found.After reading and watching the work The Little Prince, one should notice some similarities and differences between the two. The main characters remain the same personality, setting is in the Sahara desert, and the storyline and other aspects remain consistent. The general plot with the little prince wretched from one country to another meeting new people is the same in both. During the Princes journey he meets the following characters i n both works the pilot, the businessman, the geographer, the snake, and the fox. another(prenominal) similarity between the two is that we see pictures drawn and the same pictures are shown in the movie. The Hollywood version and the novel differ. Visually, and vocally are the two opposite aspects. During the time of thirst in the movie the pilot and the little prince find an oasis while there was an ordinary well in the book.

Obtaining Start-Up Finance for a Business :: Papers

Obtaining Start-Up Finance for a Business This essay is an advise for Mr. Miyako on obtaining start-up finance for a business. Mr. Miyako wants to open a new Japanese restaurant. A suitable location has been selected in the suburban city of Sheffield, South Yorkshire of the United Kingdom, directly in opposite of the train station, with many bus stops in the vicinity. This place is near the Peak district, which is a nature reserve. In the weekends and in holidays the Peak district is visited by lots of people from the city of Sheffield and Manchester. At this act there is no Japanese restaurant in surroundings of Sheffield. Estimated cash requirements In this paragraph the estimated cash requirements for the business is calculated. The calculations are based on a new inventory, Teppanyaki tables, a new kitchen and renovation cost of the interior. New inventory (tables, chairs, bar etc.) 30.000,00 Teppanyaki tables (6 pieces) 15.000,00 New kitchen 5 0.000,00 Renovation cost of the interior 100.000,00 ----------------------- Total 195.000,00 Possible sources of finance 10% of the required fund is available from Mr. Miyakos private family funds. 90% of the sum needs to be attracted from other sources. These sources are e.g. a loan from a bank, a loan from a supplier (like the brewery) or an overdraft. Each of these sources will be described in detail. Loan from a bank A loan from a bank is an agreed amount of borrowed money that needs to be paid back in a fixed period of time with interest. To borrow money from a bank, a detailed business plan is needed. For start-up finance, the maximum loan is often not more than 50% of the required sum. Interest rates at the moment are 6-7 percent. Loan from a supplier Breweries are likely to supply loans to start-up entrepreneurs. In the loan contract the brewery can oblige Mr. Miyako to only aim the beer and soft drinks supplied by the brewery. Loan c an be in cash, but also

The Assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy :: JFK Assassination American Presidents Essays

The Assassination of John Fitzgerald KennedyTHE ASSASSINATION of John Fitzgerald Kennedy on November 22, 1963, was a cruel and shocking act of power directed against a man, a family, a nation, and against all mankind. A young and vigorous leader whose years of public and private life stretched before him was the victim of the fourth Presidential assassination in the history of a country dedicated to the concepts of yarded argument and peaceful political change. This Commission was created on November 29, 1963, in recognition of the right of people everywhere to full and truthful knowledge concerning these events. This report endeavors to fulfill that right and to appraise this tragedy by the light of reason and the standard of fairness. It has been prepared with a deep awareness of the Commissions responsibility to present to the American people an objective report of the facts relating to the assassination. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------Narrative of EventsAt 1140 a.m., c.s.t., on Friday, November 22, 1963, President John F. Kennedy, Mrs. Kennedy, and their party arrived at Love Field, Dallas, Tex. Behind them was the first day of a Texas trip planned 5 months before by the President, Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson, and John B. Connally, Jr., Governor of Texas. After leaving the White House on Thursday morning, the President had flown initially to San Antonio where Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson conjugate the party and the President dedicated new research facilities at the U.S. Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine. Following a testimonial dinner in Houston for U.S. proxy Albert Thomas, the President flew to Fort Worth where he spent the night and spoke at a large breakfast gathering on Friday.Planned for posterior that day were a motorcade finished downtown Dallas, a luncheon speech at the Trade Mart, and a flight to Austin where the President would attend a reception and speak at a Democratic fundra ising dinner. From Austin he would proceed to the Texas ranch of the Vice President. Evident on this trip were the varied roles which an American President performs--Head of State, Chief Executive, party leader, and, in this instance, prospective candidate for reelection.The Dallas motorcade, it was hoped, would evoke a demonstration of the Presidents personal popularity in a city which he had woolly in the 1960 election. Once it had been decided that the trip to Texas would span 2 days, those responsible for planning, primarily Governor Connally and Kenneth ODonnell, a special assistant to the President, agreed that a motorcade through Dallas would be desirable.

Assisted Suicide Essay -- Assisted Suicide Death Essays

Writing the fifth assignment for the English class was by far the hardest essay I have had to write. Constantly was I running into problems, and this ended up taking me much longer than I had originally planned. Writing about the opposing side of this topic was very hard, as I usually caught myself writing things that I couldnt make work in my paper. The writing was very tough to keep on track because it isnt actually how I feel. This essay helped me to better understand the argument that is presented from both sides. Originally I knew my own opinion, which is an advocate of euthanasia, but I did not subsist the side that the opponents argue. totally in all, I was able to learn more than I thought I would. Since ancient times, many people have contemplated the sentiment of a merciful and acceptable death. However, individual choice in dying did not give way a widespread social issue and legal adjoin until recently. As technology advances, the medicines have enabled doctors to keep patients alive for longer periods of time. This has caused the development people to legally be allowed to ignore medical intervention. Although a mentally efficient patients right to refuse discourse is widely and obviously accepted, doctors, in most cases, assume control over the patients duration of hospitalization and type of treatment. A patient who refused a life-sustaining treatment was considered to have requested something that could not be done. This view changed during the 1970s, when the right to refuse treatment was established by various court cases. Today the dispute over patient autonomy extends beyond the right of treatment refusal to issues of euthanasia and assisted suicide. around people who believe that assisted sui... ... to death, because they can not even decide if they want the treatment.Assisted Suicide, more than many other things, gives opponents the fear that doctors will become less committed to saving lives, that families may respond to financial pressures by encouraging suicide, and that limitations in the resources of the health-care system might dictate decisions of life and death. All in all, assisted suicide has been a large topic for debate and discussion for many years. Ever since the incident with Dr. Kevorkian, very much attention has been brought to the topic of euthanasia. All in all, the act in itself is morally, ethically and obviously wrong. People should not be able to take their lives from themselves with aid from a doctor, because it is not good for a society or community. Assisted Suicide should not be condoned in any situation or at any time.

Assisted Suicide Essay -- Assisted Suicide Death Essays

Writing the fifth assignment for the English class was by far the hardest essay I fill had to write. ceaselessly was I running into problems, and this ended up taking me much longer than I had originally planned. Writing about the opposing side of this offspring was very(prenominal) hard, as I usually caught myself writing things that I couldnt make work in my paper. The writing was very tough to keep on raceway because it isnt actually how I feel. This essay helped me to better understand the argument that is presented from both sides. Originally I knew my own opinion, which is an advocate of euthanasia, but I did non know the side that the opponents argue. completely in all, I was able to learn more than I thought I would. Since ancient times, many people have contemplated the concept of a merciful and acceptable death. However, individual choice in dying did not become a widespread social issue and sound concern until recently. As technology advances, the medic ines have enabled doctors to keep patients alive for longer periods of time. This has caused the development people to legally be allowed to ignore medical intervention. Although a mentally competent patients right to stand firm treatment is widely and obviously accepted, doctors, in most cases, assume control over the patients length of hospitalization and type of treatment. A patient who refused a life-sustaining treatment was considered to have requested something that could not be done. This view changed during the 1970s, when the right to refuse treatment was established by various court cases. Today the dispute over patient autonomy extends beyond the right of treatment refusal to issues of euthanasia and assist suicide.Most people who believe that assisted sui... ... to death, because they can not even decide if they want the treatment.Assisted Suicide, more than many other things, gives opponents the fear that doctors will become less committed to saving lives, that famil ies may respond to financial pressures by encouraging suicide, and that limitations in the resources of the health-care system might dictate decisions of life and death. All in all, assisted suicide has been a large topic for debate and discussion for many years. Ever since the incident with Dr. Kevorkian, very much attention has been brought to the topic of euthanasia. All in all, the act in itself is morally, ethically and obviously wrong. People should not be able to take their lives from themselves with aid from a doctor, because it is not grievous for a society or community. Assisted Suicide should not be condoned in any situation or at any time.

Development of the Cardiovascular System in Vertebrate Embryos

The cardiovascular sy bag is the first organ sy basis to become fully functional in the vertebrate embryo and its development occurs in a similar way in all vertebrates. It is derived from angioblastic tissue, which a elevates from mesenchyme, an aggregation of mesenchymal electric cubicles derived from the mesodermal tissue of embryos. The main processes involved in the development of the immature cardiovascular agreement ar Vasculogenesis, Angiogenesis, Hematopoiesis, Erythropoiesis and Heart Formation. All processes occur nether the influence of stimuli from genes and paracrine factors, oligo thecacharides, multifunctional cytokines and enzymes.Vasculogenesis and AngiogenesisTwo distinctive mechanisms, vasculogenesis and angiogenesis implement the organisation of the vascular ne bothrk in the embryo. embryologic vasculogenesis put ons derail to the bosom and the primordial vascular plexus within the embryo and its meet membranes as the yolk sac circulation. In mammals, it occurs in parallel to hematopoiesis, the formation of roue cells. Vasculogenesis refers to the in situ differentiation and growth of vernal rake vessels from mesenchymal cells cognise as angioblasts which aggregate to form isolated angiogenic cell clusters known as slant islands (angiocysts) within the extra-embryonic and intra-embryonic mesoderm. Small cavities appear within these blood islands by the confluence of intercellular c go aways.The peripheral cells within these blood islands flatten to form endothelial cells, triggered by the binding of the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) to the first of its two receptors, the VEGF-R2 (Flk1) protein, which is responsible for the differentiation of mesodermal cells into endothelial cells and the subsequent proliferation of the endothelial cells. The core cells give rise to blood cells (haematoblasts). The newly formed endothelial cells arrange themselves around the cavities in the blood islands, forming the early endo thelium. Cellular vacuoles within the developing endothelial cells compound and fuse together without cytoplasmic mixing to forma the blood vessel lumen of the initial endothelial pipage.Extracellular matrix deposition by fibroblasts promotes capillary-like tube formation under the influence of the binding of VEGF to its second receptor, VEGF-R1 (Flt1). This is followed by the interaction of the endothelial blood vessel with the supporting mesodermal cells. The Angiopoietin-1 growth factor binds to the Tie2 receptor tyrosine kinase on the cell membrane of the endothelial cells, allowing the blood vessel to recruit the peri-endothelial cells that will surround it as pericytes and the smooth muscle tissue of the blood vessel, thus maintaining the stability of the blood vessels.The growth and multiplication of this primordial vascular plexus occurs through the process of angiogenesis in which new blood vessels arise from pre-existing vascularity. This process requires the combination of two signals, Angiopoietin 2 and VEGF, in order to promote the loosening of the support cells and the ability of newly exposed endothelial cells to multiply by budding and sprouting into new vessels. Replacement of Ang1 by Ang2 on the Tie2 receptor tyrosine kinase destabilizes the vessel integrity thus facilitating vessel sprouting in response to the VEGF signal. The new endothelial tubule then interacts with the surrounding mesenchymal cells in part as a response to Ang1 which acts on the endothelial cell Tie2 in order to trigger the association of the new tubule with the periendothelial cells.Hematopoiesis and ErythropoiesisBlood develops from endothelial cells (haematoblasts) by a process known as hematopoiesis initially in various parts of the embryonic primitive mesenchyme (yolk sac and allantois), and then in the liver-colored and later on in the spleen, bone marrow and lymph nodes. In embryonic development it is known as primitive hematopoiesis. All blood cells develop fro m pluripotential stem cells committed to three, two or one hemopoietic differentiation pathways exclusively morphologically undistinguishable. These pluripotent stem cells divide infrequently to generate either more pluripotent stem cells (self-renewal) or committed progenitor cells (colony-forming cells, CFCs) which are irreversibly determined to produce only one or a few types of blood cells.These colony-forming cells are known as Lymphocyte Forming Colony (LCFC), Megakaryocyte Forming Colony (MCFC), Erythrocyte Forming Colony (ECFC) and Monocyte Granulocyte Forming Colony (MGFC). The progenitor cells are stimulated to proliferate by specific growth factors (colony-stimulating factors, CSFs) but progressively lose their capacity for division and develop into terminally differentiated blood cells which usually live for only a few days or weeks. Erythrocytes (red blood cells) develop by the process of erythropoiesis. In embryos, erythrocytes are nucleated and express embryonic glob in chains.Heart FormationIn vertebrate embryos the join tube, the earliest formed heart structure, arises in the heart field, an embryonic clustering of cells which arises soon after gastrulation. These early stages of development are almost identical among all vertebrates unlike the subsequent septation of the domiciliate and of the outflow tract which varies between species.The heart field is that region of the precardiac mesoderm that contains the cardiac progenitor cells (endocardial and myocardial precursor cells) and is competent in responding to inductive signals.Precardiac cells from the epiblast askant to the primitive streak invaginate through the streak and migrate cranio-laterally to form part of the lateral plateful. This pattern is maintained in the eventual anteroposterior placement of structures in the heart, with the most cranial cells contributing to the bulbus cordis at the extreme anterior end of the heart and the most caudal cells contributing to the sinoatr ial region and the extreme posterior end.As mentioned above, the cell progeny of this region contributes to all layers of the heart tube (myocardium, endocardium and parietal pericardium), as well as to the endothelial cells in the vicinity of the heart. In the lateral plate the cells maintain their anteroposterior position.The lateral plate splits to form two epithelial layers, the somatic mesoderm (which also includes migratory precursors for limb musculature) and the splachnic mesoderm which remains an epithelial sheet and includes the cardiac precursors.The embryo then folds ventrally carrying the splachnic mesoderm with it and bringing it ventral to the foregut which is generated as the lateral folds meet in the ventral midline. The precursors of the endocardium are included in the splachnic mesoderm and begin to form clusters on the foregut side of the epithelial sheet.The heart fields fuse at the midline to form a primary heart tube, the process beginning cranially and proce eding caudally. This tubular heart consists of an outer myocardial mantle and an endocardial inner lining. Between these two concentric epithelial layers an acellular matrix, the cardiac jelly, is found. As the ventricular region of the heart begins to bend to the right (cardiac looping), the cardiac jelly disappears from the future major chambers of the heart (atria and ventricles) and begins to collect in the junction between the atria and ventricles (auriculoventricular junction, AVJ) and in the developing outflow tract (OFT).This allows in the formation of the endocardial cushion tissues in the AVJ which later contribute to the formation of AV (atrioventricular) septal structures and valves, septation of the OFT and formation of the semilunar valves of the aorta and pulmonary artery.The vertebrate heart tube is aligned along the antero-posterior axis. Arterial flow is directed from the ventricle at the anterior end of the heart, through the ventral aortic vessel and branchial arches and subsequently travels posteriorly to the dorsal vessel. Blood flow returns to the heart through the venous system to the atrium lying at the posterior end of the heart chamber.Formation of the Mammalian Embryonic Cardiovascular System1) Formation of the primitive cardiovascular systema) Extra-embryonic blood vesselsThe wall of the yolk sac mesenchyme proliferates and forms isolated cell clusters known as blood islands. Peripheral cells within these islands flatten and differentiate into endothelial cells in order to form endothelial tubes. Centrally- regain cells develop into primitive blood cells (hematoblasts). Endothelial tubes approach and fuse with each another(prenominal) forming a primitive vascular network. This primitive endothelial network appears in the chorionic membrane and body stalk and connects to the vitelline circulation.b) Intra-embryonic blood vesselsThe endothelial tube network appears in the intraembryonic mesenchyme toform an intraembryonic endoth elial tube network. The intraembryonic and extraembryonic tube networks connect to each other forming a diffuse endothelial tube network which either fuses or disappears to form a primitive cardiovascularsystem.2) maturement of the HeartThe primitive cardiovascular system consists of the primary heart tube, formed from the fusion of the two bilateral heart fields of the precardiac mesoderm. The primary heart tube gives rise to the endocardium. Blood flows through this primitive heart tube in a cranial position. The mesenchyme surrounding the tube condenses to form the myoepicardial mantle (the future myocardium). Gelatinous connectedness tissue, the cardiac jelly, separates the myoepicardial mantle from the endothelial heart tube (the future endocardium).A series of constrictions (sulci) divides the heart into sections the sinus venosus, in which the common cardinal veins, the umbilical veins and the vitelline veins drain the primitive common atrium the primitive common ventricle and the bulbus cordis through which blood flows to the paired dorsal aortae. The paired dorsal aortae arise when the branchial or pharyngeal arches are penetrated by six pairs of arteries called aortic arches. These arteries arise from the aortic sac and terminate in a dorsal aorta. Initially, the paired dorsal aortae run along the self-colored length of the embryo but soon fuse to form a single dorsal aorta just caudal to the branchial or pharyngeal arches.The arterial and venous ends of the heart tube are fixed by the branchial or pharyngeal arches and the septum transversum, respectively. At this stage the heart is beating and the contractions are of myocardial origin and likened to peristalsis.The primitive atrium loops up behind and above the primitive ventricle and behind and to the left of the bulbus cordis forming the bulboventricular loop.. This looping process brings the primitive areas of the heart into the proper spatial relationship for the further development of the heart.Embryonic venous circulation consists of three pairs of veins the vitelline veins which drain blood from the yolk sac, the umbilical veins which bring oxygenated blood from the chorion (early placenta), and the common cardinal veins which return blood to the heart from the body of the embryo. Arterial circulation consists of three paired arteries the intersegmental arteries, which form 30-35 branches of the dorsal aortae and carry blood to the embryo, the vitelline arteries which pass to the yolk sac and later to the primitive gut, and the umbilical arteries which carry oxygen-depleted blood to the placenta.3) Formation of the Heart ChambersAs mentioned above, during cardiac looping the cardiac jelly disappears fromthe future major chambers of the heart and begins to accumulate in the atrioventricular junction (AVJ) and developing outflow tract (OFT). This results in the formation of the endocardial cushion tissues in the dorsal and ventral walls of the AVJ. These cushions are invaded by mesenchymal cells, approach each other and fuse, dividing the atrioventricular canal into the right and left atrioventricular canals.The primitive atrium is divided into right and left atria by the formation, modification and fusion of the septum primum and the septum secundum. The septum primum grows towards the fusing endocardial cushions from the roof of the primitive atrium creating a curtainlike septum, the foramen primum between the unaffixed edge of the septum and the endocardial cushions.This foramen becomes progressively smaller and eventually disappears when the septum primum fuses with the fused endocardial cushions (atrioventricular septum). The septum secundum grows from the ventrocranial wall of the atrium to gradually overlap the foramen secundum in the septum primum, forming an incomplete separation between the atria in the form of an oval opening, the foramen ovale.The sinus venosus initially opens into the center of the dorsal wall of the primitive atr ium and its left and right horns are of about the same size. The right horn progressively begins to enlarge in respect to the left horn until it receives all the blood from the head and neck via the select vena cava and the placenta and caudal regions of the body via the inferior vena cava. The left horn forms the coronary sinus.The wall of the left atrium is formed by the incorporation of the primitive pulmonary vein which develops as an outgrowth of the dorsal atrial wall. As the atrium expands, the primitive pulmonary vein and its branches are gradually incorporated into the wall of the left atrium forming four-spot pulmonary veins with separate openings.The division of the primitive ventricle into the right and left ventricles is initially indicated by a muscular ridge with a concave free edge in the middle of the ventricular floor near its apex. Initially, most of its increase in height results from the dilation of the ventricles on its each side. Later, however thither is ac tive proliferation of myoblasts, forming the thick muscular part of the interventricular septum.At the beginning a crescentic interventricular foramen exists between the free edge of the interventricular septum and the fused endocardial cushions allowing communication between the right and left ventricles. This foramen closes as the result of the fusion of tissue from three sources 1) the right bulbar ridge, 2) the left bulbar ridge and 3) the endocardial ridges. The membranous part of the interventricular spetum is derived from tissue supplement from the right side of the endocardial cushions. It merges with the aorticopulmonary septum and the thick muscular part of the interventricular septum. When the interventricular foramen closes, the pulmonary trunk is in communication with the right ventricle and the aorta communicates with the left ventricle.Active proliferation of mesenchymal cells in the walls of the bulbus cordis gives rise to the formation of the bulbar ridges. Similar ridges form in the truncus arteriosus and are continuous with the bulbar ridges. Both the bulbar and the truncal ridges have a spiral orientation and result in the formation of a spiral aorticopulmonary septum when the bulbar and truncal ridges fuse. This septum divides the bulbus cordis and the truncus arteriosus into the aorta and pulmonary trunk.Due to the spiral orientation of the aorticopulmonary septum, the pulmonary trunk twists around the aorta. The bulbus cordis is incorporated into the walls of the ventricles. In the left ventricle it forms the walls of the aortic vestibule just inferior to the aortic valve. In the right ventricle it forms the infundibulum or conus arteriosus.Ventricular trabeculation begins in the apical region of the ventricles soon aftercardiac looping. The trabeculation serves primarily as a way of increasing theoxygenation of the myocardium in the absence of a coronary circulation. Thecompactation of the trabeculae adds to the proportion and thicknes s of thecompact myocardium.

The Aeneid and the Glory of Rome

Between 43 and 32 BC capital of Italy was abrupt up through the second triumvirate upon the death of Caesar. The triumvirate was a mode to split the military and political power be energize the senate feared that they would once again fall under a dictatorship, which is the ultimate reason Julius Caesar was murdered. Civil war broke out in capital of Italy between the Octavian and Mark Antony, but Antony was defeated in 31 BC in the battle at Actium (Joe). Octavian, later renaming himself Augustus, was the emperor in Rome, a city with a new beginning. With his new power Augustus reorganized the military and political power.He also began to design a program to create buildings want those in Athens (Joe). Perhaps his most notable achievement was commissioning Virgil to save up, The Aeneid. Virgil, born October 19 in 70 BC, was and still is regarded as the best poet in Rome (Virgil). As a citizen in Rome Virgil felt a sense of relief when the civil war had ended and like the rest of Rome was extremely grateful to Augustus for making this possible. Augustus wanted to return Rome to their previous traditions and remind the republic of their moral values that were once lavishlyly regarded.These values include bravery, family devotion, duty, and responsibility. Virgil wanted to model his heroic poem after those that were so famous in Greek literature, The Iliad and The Odyssey and also present Aeneas as the ideal Roman citizen (Virgil). In his epic poem Virgil tells the story of Aeneas and his journey from Troy to Italy, where he was destined to found Rome (Sparknote Editors). The glorification of Rome is shown throughout the story of Aeneas. Virgil begins his story introducing Aeneas and exemplify the moral value of duty when he says, I sing of warfare and a man at war.From the sea-coast of Troy in early old age He came to Italy by destiny, To our Lavinian western shore, A fugitive, this captain, buffeted Till he could found a city and bring home His gods to L aetium, land of the Latin race, The Alban lords, and the high walls of Rome. Tell me the causes now, O Muse, how galled To undergo so many perilous days and enter on so many trials. Can anger stern as this prey on the minds of heaven (Virgil 930)? These lines discuss his journey that is his destiny.Virgils usage of the phrases bring home and his gods are representative of Aeneas duty and responsibility to Rome and the Roman Gods. To undergo so many perilous days and enter on so many trials, shows how Aeneus will make this journey no depicted object how hard it may be. Another moral displayed in The Aeneid is family devotion and duty. In book two Virgil describes Aeneass departure from Troy with his father on his back, Did you suppose, my father, That I could tear myself away and leave you? Unthinkable how could a father say it? Now if it pleases the powers about that nothing.Stand of this great city if your heart Is set on adding your own death and ours To that of Troy, the doors wide open for it. This quote shows how dutiful Aeneas is to his father Anchises because he would not leave his father and would do anything to deposit him to safety. An example that is a little more extreme in promoting the glory of Rome comes in book IV when Virgil writes, Roman, remember by your strength to feel Earths peoplesfor your arts are to be these To pacify, to impose the rule of law, To spare the conquered, battle down the proud (Virgil ).This is from the speech that Anchises gives Aeneas and Virgil uses this as a way to voice the values that he thinks Rome should stand on. The speech can be labeled as propaganda and is one of the first clear examples of propaganda in the epic poem. Another clear example of propaganda comes in Book IIV when Vulcan makes the shield of Aeneas. On this shield is a scene of the Battle at Actium and Augustus is depicted conquering Cleopatra. This leaves the imagination on readers that Augustus was the clear victor in the battle and his id eals and rule shall be the one that Rome follows.To understand if The Aeneid is compose as propaganda you first need to earn what propaganda is. As listed in the Merriam-Webster dictionary propaganda is, ideas, facts, or allegations spread deliberately to further ones cause or to damage an opposing cause. Following this definition the author of this motif believes that The Aeneid is propaganda. The first reason this epic poem is propaganda is because Augustus wanted to tell the story, so he appointed Virgil to write the story and set the standards for the style it was to be written in.The only line that is unclear is who is actually telling the story. It is never mentioned in history whether Augustus told Virgil what to say or if these are the ideals and opinions of Virgil himself. The example given about the word-painting of the Battle of Actium on Aeneas shield directly follows the definition of propaganda because it is showing the battle which is fact, but skews it to be in the favor of Augustus. It also helps to damage the opposing cause of the Triumvirate and helps to unify Rome. This story is also propaganda because of the traits seen in Aeneas.Aeneas displays all of the qualities that Augustus and the Roman people believe Romans should have. These qualities include the moral values of responsibility, duty, family devotion, and bravery. Augustus was extremely smart in his appointing Virgil to write the epic poem The Aeneid. It set out exactly what he intended it to do, which was to follow the Greek format of The Odyssey to give Romans their own story. It glorified Rome and was propaganda in the ideals and facts that were spread to further Romes cause.

Jolibee

How Does The Jollibee Compete To Mc Donald In fast Food Industry In Phillipine A. Background McDonalds and Jollibee are two fast provender chains that compete to selling hamburgers in the Philippines. McDonalds is an American owned company while Jollibee was founded in Philippine. Jollibee has to a spectacularer extent than 500 stores in the Philippines and 25 in other countries, selling more(prenominal) than half a million burgers every day and McDonalds has about 250 outlets in the Philippines. Jollibee has success to be the largest food company in Philippine, with sales of 21. 7 billion pesos, or $397 million, in 2004, up 13. percent from a year earlier. Jollibee respecst to the local tastes, unlike McDonalds which was constrained by its debt instrument to remain faithful to its core products, Jollibee was flexible. This case tell how the competition between McDonalds and Jollibee use their strategy to dominated both local and internationalist market. Jollibee ,which was a Fi lipino chain of restaurants, was forced to change their strategy with the entry of McDonalds in Philippines, which later transformed the company into a global company. The company faced unspoilt challenges with their international exposure. B.Case Issues McDonalds becomes famous in Indonesia because operational efficiency, excellence service, and also creative marketing strategy. McDonalds provide 24 hours services, delivery services, and give roughly toys for kids when buy their product. This situation contrast in Phillipines. In 1975, Tony Tan Caktiong and his brothers opened an ice cream store which grew to burgers and other fast food. Although imitated United States kinds of menu, he demonstrable their own brand named jollibee. Jollibee has galore(postnominal) achievement. In 1981, Jollibee entered the list of the top 1,000 corporations.In 1984, it was the top 500 list and dominated local fast food market. The strength of Jollibee is get it on what their customers want. The y offer rice, spaghetti and sauce which is suitable with Fillipinos taste when the other fast food not offer it. Jollibee has menu variation such hotdog, French fries and more asian menus. Jollibee entered the market 80s when Philipines was in the big problems. They heavily invested in the number of their stores at that time so, when McDonalds entered, it was too late, McDonalds lost so many locations and Jollibee could enjoyed zero competition in certain areas.Jollibee made by Fillipino, so the other Fillipino who eats it will feel proud and give emotional blessedness benefit. C. Business Environment Analysis (External and Internal) STRENGTHS * Jollibee know what their customers want. While other fastfood restaurants never offer rice and spaghetti in Phillipines, Jollibee offers it as their entrees. * Jolibee dominate the local market in Phillipines WEAKNESSES * Only dominated the phillpines market, difficult to expansion to foreign. * The marketing skills are not effective * Poor co-ordination between the national and international units. Has variety of product except sells in different market OPPORTUNITIES THREATS * Phillipines is one of agricultural country, get raw materials is easier * Increase commissaries will reduce the transportation cost * Competition with local and international companies * Develop their business to abroad D. Marketing and Human Resource Manajemen Marketing Jollibee compete McDonalds with these thing * Jollibee was the first to enter the market * His price is cheaper than his competitor * Know the tastes of consumer and be flexibleJolibee should compete with KFC and McDonalds which involve high brand value to entered international market. There are so many rivals to entered the international market, Jollibee should have innovation marketing strategy to sells his product. The success key are good food, good service and reasonable price. Jollibee build advantage competitive to get more consumer. The company has good internal fin ancial resources moreover a certain code should be maintained in the relationship with the franchisee. Human Resources Human resources be the important factor to be success in organize a business.Excellence human resources will give big impact to the business. Both serve to consummate the goals, needs of employees, and to ensure that they have the necessary resources to successfully complete their duties. Jollibee has organize his human resources with * Jollibee provides top-notch services in all its outlets. * Making fun and friendly environment. * Do stringent recruitment and selection procedures to staff to man its outlets * Training programs equip its staff with the necessary skills needed to better perform their tasks. * Give more payment to his staffWith these strategies, Jollibee is able to create a high standards and excellence services of working environment . E. Conclusion In conclusion, Jollibee has success to compete with McDonalds in Philliphines , but in Internatio nal market McDonalds still be the winner. The business give customers more by being sensitive and responsive to their changing tastes and wants by adding a local flavor to his product range. Overall, these changes certainly kept Jollibee ahead of the game, as 10 years in the future, their success would be so great as to garner the Entrepreneur of the Year Award by Ernst & Young for founder Tony Tan Caktiong.Reference http//www. docshare. com/doc/122235/Jollibee-Foods-Corporation-Strategic-Manageme http//www. docstoc. com/docs/9481476/McDonalds-Company-Background-Products-Competitors-And-Positioning http//www. jollibee. com. ph/about-us http//favoritefilipinofoods. blog. com/2011/07/09/mcdonald%E2%80%99s-or-jollibee-what-is-the-better-food-chain-for-you/ http//www. kaskus. us/showthread. php? p=166683666 http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/McDonald%27s

Employee Grievances Essay

In industrial context the word grievance is used in industrial context to designate claims by thespians of a Trade Union concerning their separate or joint rights under an applicable collective agreement, individual contract of employment, law, regulations, work rules, custom or usage. Such claims affect questions relating to the interpretation or application of the rules. The term score is used in countries to designate this type of claim, while in some other countries reference is make to dis presentes over right or legal disputes. The grounds for a grievance may be each measure or situation which concerns the tellings surrounded by the employers and doer or which affects the conditions of employment of one or several workers in the labor movement when that measure or situation appears contrary to provisions of an applicable collective agreement or of an individual contract of employment, to work rules, to laws or regulations or to the custom or usage of the occupational branch of economy activity or country.Causes for gradeGrievances gener exclusivelyy arise from the day to day working relations in an undertaking, usually a worker or trade northward protest against or act or omission of management that is considered to violate worker rights.Grievances typically arise on much(prenominal) matters resembling discipline and dismissal, the pay of wages & other fringe benefits, working time, over time and time off entitlement, promotions, demotions and transfer, rights deriving from seniority, rights of supervisors and the Union officers, job classification problems, the relationship of works rules to the collective agreement and fulfillment of obligations relating to safety and health as laid down in the agreement.Such grievances, if not dealt with a procedure that secures the respect of parties, can sequel in embitterment of the working relationship and a climate of industrial strife. Procedure for Settlement It has been widely recognized that t here should be an appropriate procedure through with(predicate) which the grievances of workers may be submitted and enclothetled. This recognition is based both on consideration of fairness and justice, which requires that workers claims regarding their rights should receive fair and impartial determination, and on the desire to remove from the airfield of power conflict a type of dispute that can powerful be settled through authoritative determination of the respective rights and obligations of parties.Essence of moulding Grievance ProcedureThe three cardinal principles of grievance resolving power, under the procedure, be1. Settlement at the lowest level,2. Settlement as expeditiously as workable and3. Settlement to the satisfaction of the aggrieved Like justice, grievance must not only be settled but also seem to be settled in the eyes of the aggrieved.The Model Grievance Procedure has a three tier system for the settlement at the levels of the1. immediate supervisor2. d epartmental or grinder head3. and a bipartite grievance committee representing the management and the union, with a provision for the arbitration appeal to the organization head, and a specified time localise for the resolution process.Views of the National Commission on dig out NCL has recommended that a formal grievance procedure should be introduced in units employing 100 or more workers and they are 1. There should be a statutory backing for the formulation of an effective grievance procedure which should be simple, flexible, little cumbersome and more or little n the lines of Model Grievance Procedure, 2. It should be time bound and remove a limited number of steps videlicet, approach to the immediate supervisory stave appeal to the departmental head/manager and appeal to the bipartite grievance committee representing management and the recognized Union.3. A grievance procedure should be such that it gives a sense of satisfaction to the individual worker, controls reas onable exercise of authority to the manager and a sense of participation to Unions, 4. The constitution of the grievance committee should have a provision that in case a unanimous decision is not possible, the unsettled grievance may be referred to arbitration. At the earlier stages the worker should be free to be represented by a co worker and later by an officer of the union, if one exists, 5. It should be introduced in all units employing 100 or more workers. INDISCIPLINE/MISCONDUCT Discipline is the employee self control which prompts him to willingly co- operates with the organizational standards, rules, objectives, etc. Mis cover is the transgression of some naturalized and definite rules where no discrimination is left to the employee. It is violation of rules.Any breach of these rules and discipline may amount to misconduct. It is an act or conduct which is prejudicial to the involvement of the employer or is likely to impair the reputation of the employer or create unrest and can be performed even outside the premises of the establishment and beyond job hours. It is for the management to determine in its Standing Orders as to what shall constitutes acts of misconduct and to define the quantum of punishment for them.Causes of misconduct Unfair bear on practices and victimization on the part of employers, like wage diffentials, declaration of payment or non payment of bonus, wrongful works assignments, defective grievance procedure etc., Bad service conditions, defective communications by superiors and ineffective leadership lead to indiscipline, Poverty, frustration, indebtedness, generally overshadow the minds of the workers, these agitate their minds and often result in indiscipline, Generally speaking absenteeism, insubordination, dishonesty and disloyalty, violation of plant rules, gambling, incompetence, damage to machine and property, strikes, etc., all lead to industrial indiscipline. Remedial Measure for Acts of Indiscipline Labou r is most important factor of production. Therefore an Organization can fly high only if labour is properly motivated towards the attainment of specific goals.A more humane approach is necessary to motivate them. Each worker, as an individual, of necessity a fair or reasonable wage to maintain himself and his family in good health and spirits. So the wage should be adequate so that the worker may meet the economic needs of his family, He Trade Union leadership should be developed from within the rank and file of workers, who would understand their problems and put it up to the management in the right perspective. Disciplinary Action Indiscipline is the result of many interrelated reasons- economic, psychological, social etc. It needs to be properly handled. The disciplinary action must conform to certain principles e.g. The jumper cable of natural justice must guide all enquiries and actions. No biased person to conduct inquiry, The principal of impartiality or consistency must be followed, The disciplinary authority should offer full opportunity to the worker to defend himself. Procedure for penalty Framing and Issuing of Charge sheet Receiving the defendants Explanation Issuing the notice of Inquiry Holding the Enquiry Findings of the Inquiry officeholder Decision of the Disciplinary liberty Communication of the Order of Punishment Termination of Employment Voluntary abandonment of Service by the Employee Resignation by the employee Discharge by notice thereof given by the employer Discharge or dismissal by the employer as a punishment for misconduct, Retirement on reaching the age of superannuation typesetters case of Punishment Under Standing Orders1. Censure or Warning2. Fines3. Suspension4. Dismissal Best of Luck..Sample of labour grievance handling insurance policy in a manufacturing unitAs a matter of Labour Policy name of the company, hereby lays down the following procedure for addressing employees grievances1 An employee who has any grievances viz.,(a) A complaint against their supervisor or co-worker(b) Problems related to methods or systems in the production floor(c) Inconveniences caused due to work environment(d) Disturbances caused by person-to-person problems in the factory premises etc.2 Apart from the above the management may take other problems which it may consider relevant3 The aggrieved worker shall inform their problems in writing to any one of the following Factory ManagerTechnical ManagerAdmin OfficerWelfare Officer4 The gist of grievances of the employee shall be recorded in Employees Grievance Register mentioning the date and reference number if any5 The registered complaints will be intercommunicate within 48 hours6 Employee may also drop their letter of grievance in the suggestion/complaint boxes kept in the production floor.7 If the problem stated in the letter is found crucial the Factory Manager shall call concerned department head explanation and may distinguish for enquir y.8 The enquiry shall be done and redressal shall be made as per the companys standing exhibitions in force.9 The action taken by the management will be recorded10 The management shall refer the problems registered and action taken to solve it periodically and thus monitor the situation and ensure that the problems are not repeated.This policy on procedure for redressal is introduced to ensure good working environment in the factory, maintained at all time.NOTICE BY MINISTRY OF LABOUR FOR HANDLING sexual conquestS & DISPUTES AMONG EMPLOYEESMINISTRY OF LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENTNOTIFICATIONNew Delhi , the 15th September, 2010S.O. 2278(E).- In exercise of the powers conferred by sub-section (2) of Section 1 of the Industrial Disputes (Amendment) Act, 2010 (24 of 2010), the Central regime hereby appoints the 15 th Day of September, 2010, as the date on which the said Act shall return into force. F.No.S-11012/1/2007-IR(PL)RAVI MATHUR, Addl. Secy.THE INDUSTRIAL DIPSUTES (AMENDMENT) ACT, 2 010No.24 OF 201018 th August, 2010An Act kick upstairs to amend the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947. Be it enacted by Parliament in the Sixtieth Year of the Republic of India as follows- 1. (1) This Act may be called the Industrial Disputes (Amendment) Act, 2010. (2) It shall come into force on such date as the Central establishment may, by notification in the Official Gazette, appoint. 2. In the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 (hereinafter referred to as the principal Act), in section 2, -. (i) in clause (a),-(a) in sub-clause (i), for the words major port, the Central organization, and, the words major port, any company in which not less than fifty-one per cent of the paid-up share capital is held by the Central Government , or any corporation, not being a corporation referred to in this clause, establish by or under any law made by Parliament, or the Central public sector undertaking , subsidiary companies set up by the principal undertaking and autonomous bodies owned or control led by the Central Government, the Central Government and shall be substituted (b) for sub-clause (ii), the following sub-clause shall be substituted, namely- (ii) in relation to any other industrial dispute , including the State public sector undertaking, subsidiary companies set up by the principal undertaking and autonomous bodies owned or controlled by the State Government, the State Government.Provided that in case of a dispute between a contractor and the contract labour employed through the contractor in any industrial establishment where such dispute first arose, the appropriate Government shall be the Central Government or the State Government, as the case may be, which has control over such industrial establishment. (ii) in clause (5), in sub-clause (iv), for the words one guanine six hundred rupees, the words ten thousand rupees shall be substituted. 3. Section 2A of the principal Act shall be numbered as sub-section (1) thereof and after sub-section (l) as so numbered, the following sub-sections shall be inserted, namely- (2) Notwithstanding anything contained in section 10, any such workman as is specified in sub-section(1) may, make an application institutionalize to the Labour move or Tribunal for adjudication of the dispute referred to therein after the expiry of three months from the date he has made the application to the placation Officer of the appropriate Government for conciliation of the dispute, and in recognize of such application the Labour Court or Tribunal shall have powers and jurisdiction to adjudicate upon the dispute, as if it were a dispute referred to it by the appropriate Government in accordance with the provisions of this Act and all the provisions of this Act shall apply in relation to such adjudication as they apply in relation to an industrial dispute referred to it by the appropriate Government.(3) The application referred to in sub-section (2) shall be made to the Labour Court or Tribunal before the expiry of three years from the date of discharge, dismissal, retrenchment or otherwise termination of service as specified in sub-section (1). 4. In section 7 of the principal Act, in sub-section (3), after clause (e), the following clauses shall be inserted, namely- (f) he is or has been a Deputy master(prenominal) Labour Commissioner (Central) or Joint Commissioner of the State Labour Department , having a degree in law and at least seven years feature in the labour department after having acquired degree in law including three years of experience as Conciliation Officer Provided that no such Deputy Chief Labour Commissioner or Joint Labour Commissioner shall be appointed unless he resigns from the service of the Central Government or State Government, as the case may be, before being appointed as the presiding officer or (g) he is an officer of Indian wakeless Service in anatomy III with three years experience in the grade.5. In section 7A of the principal Act, in sub-section (3), after cla use (aa), the following clauses shall be inserted, namely- (b) he is or has been a Deputy Chief Labour Commissioner (Central) or Joint Commissioner of the State Labour Department, having a degree in law and at least seven years experience in the labour department after having acquired degree in law including three years of experience as Conciliation Officer Provided that no such Deputy Chief Labour Commissioner or Joint Labour Commissioner shall be appointed unless he resigns from the service of the Central Government or State Government, as the case may he, before being appointed as the presiding officer or (c) he is an officer of Indian Legal Service in Grade III with three years experience in the grade. 6. After section 9B of the principal Act, for chapter IIB, the following Chapter shall be substituted, namely-CHAPTER IIBGRIEVANCE REDRESSAL MACHINERY9C. (l) Every industrial establishment employing twenty or more workmen shall have one or more Grievance Redressal Committee for th e resolution of disputes arising out of individual grievances. (2) The Grievance Redressal Committee shall consist of equal number of members from the employer and the workmen. (3) The chairperson of the Grievance Redressal Committee shall be selected from the employer and from among the workmen alternatively on rotation basis every year. (4) The broad(a) number of members of the Grievance Redressal Committee shall not exceed more than six Provided that there shall be, as far as practicable, one woman member if the Grievance Redressal Committee has two members and in case the number of members are more than two, the number of women members may be increased proportionately. (5) Notwithstanding anything contained in this section, the setting up of Grievance Redressal Committee shall not affect the right of the workman to raise industrial dispute on the same matter under the provisions of this Act.(6) The Grievance Redressal Committee may complete its proceedings within forty-five day s on receipt of a written application by or on behalf of the aggrieved party. (7) The workman who is aggrieved of the decision of the Grievance Redressal Committee may prefer an appeal to the employer against the decision of Grievance Redressal Committee and the employer shall, within one month from the date of receipt of such appeal, dispose off the same and send a copy of his decision to the workman concerned. Nothing contained in this section shall apply to the workmen for whom there is an established Grievance Redressal Mechanism in the establishment concerned.7. In section 11 of the principal Act, after sub-section , the following sub-sections shall be inserted, namely- (9) Every award made, order issued or settlement arrived at by or before Labour Court or Tribunal or National Tribunal shall be kill in accordance with the procedure laid down for execution of orders and decree of a well-behaved Court under order 21 of the Code of Civil Procedure , 1908. (10) The Labour Court or Tribunal or National Tribunal, as the case may be, shall transmit any award, order or settlement to a Civil Court having jurisdiction and such Civil Court shall execute the award, order or settlement as if it were a decree passed by it. 8. In section 38 of the principal Act, in sub-section (2),- (i) clause (ab) shall be omitted(ii) for clause (c), the following clause shall be substituted, namely- (c) the salaries and allowances and the terms and conditions for appointment of the presiding officers of the Labour Court, Tribunal and the National Tribunal including the allowances admissible to members of Courts, Boards and to assessors and witnesses.

Assess the importance of the Celtic Iron Age regarding

The compress hop on was crucial as it was the arisement of passing sophisticated social and physiological development of military man. There are multiple reasons why the Gaelic Iron age has such significant. Firstly, the technology that had been created by the new found metal had study impacted on the Gaelic orderliness. Secondly, new lifestyles that massively change how humans commit to live. Amongst this coinage had also been Introduced within Celtic regions which Invented more practical slipway of trading. There was also an Increase interest In personal appearance along with a more relaxed lifestyle.Celtic people also began to Invent things to do for empty. Lastly, Celtic religion started to evolve and governance was beginning to be invented. The Celtic Iron Age would be considered the most important within the Three-age System regarding to human societal development in Europe. It has made galore(postnominal) improvements for humans to achieve the level of societal complexity today. The development of advance human companionship has mostly evolved though the revolutionary advances in weapons and crafts that were forged by Iron. Iron was very significant and made life for humans much easier after its discovery.Many of the weapons forged by bid was much stronger and lighter Han bronze, this allowed for improvements to be made to weapons and agricultural tools. Many of the common tools that were used during the Celtic Iron Age are till used today. For ensample the sickles or pruning hooks which were used by Iron Age farmers, the tool was used for cutting and shaping branches and hurdles unthe likes of most farmers that use them today as to harvest cereal crops or cutting grass for hay. There were also several other tools that were positive during the Iron Age and its designs sop up been kept and meliorate on for umteen years.Tools such as the hammers, files, axes and many other metal-working tools. Even though early stages of these tools h ave already been developed during the gem and Bronze Age, the Celtic Iron Age has truly perfect it. Evidence track everyday tools that monastic order still uses in the 20th century shows many similarities and some can be considered virtually identical to the tools that were used more than two thousand years ago. The tools were made to build houses, make weapons and farm. These were the necessary tools to that develop human association Into a more complex one.Thus, this demonstrates that the Celtic Iron Age In Europe has help significantly to the development of human society s the discovery of Iron was revolutionary wealth humans. Without this ore, modern society In Europe would have not r severally Its level of sophistication as Iron played a also shown impressive improvements that are still useful to everyday life in modern society. Therefore this shows how the Celtic Iron age has a high level of importance regarding to societal development in Europe. 1 Oliver, N. 2011. A Histo ry of Ancient Brittany.United Kingdom, Phoenix. Up. 217 2 Ibid. , 3 S. James and V. Rugby, Iron Farming Tools, British Museum weapon, (1997) http// www. Brutishness. Org/explore/highlights/highlight_bobsects/pee_BRB/I/ Ron_farming_tools. Asps Para. 3, accessed 27 June 2013. The importance of the Celtic Iron age regarding to human societal development in Europe was significant as the development and improvements of agriculture had greatly affected the way that people had lived in the in the past ages. It has also have molded how humans tend to live today.The Stone Age and the Bronze Age had consisted of hunting and gathering food and there was little to no agricultural activity. However, the Celtic Iron Age was primarily agricultural and their daily routines would have consisted with maintaining crops and livestock. This can be seen though evidence in the environment. Evidence in forms of carbonized grains and pollen, it was shown that new crops were introduced and many wheats had be en farmed and grown in the fields. This meant that people began to develop ineradicable settlement as they were preoccupied by farming and caring for livestock.As humans began to stay in permanent housing they also began to live in villages. This was unlike the previous ages as they were mostly hunter-gather societies when it was rarely done. They would only hunt in small groups and constantly last as there were high risk of danger. The new agricultural life style opened many opportunities of improvement to the human society. Living in villages annex and improved human social development as they gain new skills through looking after life stock and farming as this improved their light.As historian, a Neil Oliver quotes, These steps alone had made a profound and deeply transforming social revolutions. The Iron Age did not Just improve human society by advancing in technology, however, they have also improved on having a better grasp on the practical necessities such social and lei sure activities. During the Celtic Iron Age, the Celtic had much more time than their ancestors after the development of permanent housing. They were able to socialism more and focus on things that they were not able to in the past.This included on their personal appearances and activities for leisure. Archaeological evidence of Celtic Iron Age housing shows that many of these houses contained looms. Evidence of clothing form the Celtic Iron Age have shown to be made out of either linen or wool. The fabric would have been dyed bright color and were woven with striped or checked patterns. There was also evidence from the archaeological record of brooches, pins and other dress accessories that would have played both a functional and decorative role on the clothing.Classical text also gives clues of what the Cells whitethorn have looked like an example of this is Odorous Sculls who was an Ancient Greek Historian, who wrote When they are alimentation the moustache becomes entangled in the food, and when they that both men and women may have grown their hair long and also plaited it. This evidence has truly shown how human society had changed after the Iron Age. It demonstrates how humans have developed in intelligence by domesticating animals and also on how they have evolved.Thus, the importance of the Celtic Iron Age regarding to societal development is very significant as this had not only taught them a more relaxing way of life. It was also the first steps of humans being more social and advance creatures though their physiological development. Being able to maintain livestock, farm and also create accessories and tools that were much more developed than previous ages. 4 Jinni. S. , Ancient History in depth Life in an Iron Age Village, BBC History weapon, (2013) http//www. BBC. O. UK/history/ancient/British_prehistory/ orange_intro_01 . SHTML Agriculture Para. , accessed 4 July 2013. Upriver, pop. Cit. , p. 217 6 Jinni, pop. Cit,. Appearance Para. 2 accessed 4 July 2013. Fernando. C. , Pair of metal detector friends discover three quarters of a ton of Iron Age coins cost Loom buried in a field in Jersey after searching for 30 years, Mainline weapon, (2012) http//www. Dilemma. Co. UK/sciences/article-2164897/ Iron-Age-coins-worth-l Mom-discovered-erase-metal-detector-friends. HTML accessed 6 July Lastly, the importance of the Celtic Iron age regarding to human societal development in Europe is significant as the religions and rules that existed during he time has truly effected on how society is run in the present. The Celtic Iron Age demonstrated that religion had a large impact in Celtic society much like it has in modern society. The Cells shared a common religious system, it also revealed that the Cells had strict rules of worship to their religion as evidence of human sacrifices such as the Tolland Man and Windy Girl have been found.The Greek and Roman texts provide a number of pertinent observations and a comprehensive account was given by Caesar in his description of Goulash society. The largest religion in modern society had also came out of the Celtic Iron Age. The Monastery of Illuminant Afar also known as the Illuminant Major can be considered the axis of early Celtic Christianity. Evidence of this includes the ruins of churches that are in modern Ireland and Britain. Many Celtic Scripps and illustrations have also allude that Christianity has emerged from the era.This also wildly demonstrates how important the Celtic Iron Age is to the development of human society as without it, many things in modern society may not have existed. Political control and early stages of feudalism was also introduced as in each city state or village. In each village there would be an en or lord, legal or king and ins or governor-priest controlling it. This example demonstrates a high level of human intelligence and also an example of how the Iron Age was very significant regarding to humans societal development as this sy stem last for centuries which demonstrated its success.Another significant inlet was the introduction of coins within Europe. This demonstrated a large change in how humans were now living. Through coins, it was positive that trading had become a normal lifestyle, by having coins, the Cells were beginning to have an easier life style as they didnt need to trade in the crops that they grow. They were able to grow more food and grow wealthy. As this system of exchanging money for goods is still the impact it has on the development of human society, as from the Iron Age many new systems have developed.Which demonstrates how significant the Celtic Iron Age really is as many things may not exist if the Iron Age had not occur. Thus, the Celtic Iron Age was highly significant to human societal development in Europe. The Iron Age had introduced a number of complex things that enabled human intelligence to expand. This included farming, new tools, religion, politics and the adaptation of a new epistyle. The Celtic Iron Age had truly changed how humans have lived and improved.

Health Care Spending Essay

In the past seven decades wellness care consumption has been change magnitude tremendously. The industrial era brought in a new system to help population duel with the greet of medical care. New technology has become a much needed investing in the 21st century which has yield to a great margin between small and big facilities. When looking at all of these factors there is no enquire the nation is spend way too much money on health care, although at times might seem that there is non enough.It seems that the duty investment is needed to help aid those that need help the most the elderly and unemployed, with the economy in a fragile state and unemployment rates increasing with the quarters there is no question that decisions about how we are consumption on health care needs to change. Even though so galore(postnominal) factors are involved in the spending this paper would focus on our current take aim of expenditures, how and where is the money spent, forecasting what would be coming next.Current level of national healthcare expendituresAccording to Physicians for a National Health Program (2012), National Health Expenditures was $2.8 trillion, and the spending as a percent of GDP was 18% for 2012 (National Health Expenditure Projections Modest Annual Growth until C overage Expands and Economic Growth Accelerates). When looking at these facts many would even argue we are spending quite enough when it comes to healthcare or perhaps too much, however is the complete opposite not enough spending is in the right place. These figures does not represent the spent on one area of health care the graph below will provide an idea as to what, when, and where was spent on 2009.Total = $2.3 TrillionSource Martin A.B. et al., Growth In US Health Spending Remained Slow in 2010 Health role of Gross Domestic carrefour Was Unchanged from 2009, Health Affairs, 2012.As shown on the graph 51% of the spending is towards hospital care and physician/clinical services which ar e great to be invested in, however the rest of the spending in my opinion is not proportionally distribute, yes those areas are extremely important but it would be beneficial if more flush toilet be distributed along medication, and other professionals services to include the testing and diagnose of serious illnesses such(prenominal) as cancer. The investment is require to subsidize the needs on these areas, 45 percent of people under age 65 who dont cede insurance coverage for prescriptions said they had not filled a prescription in the last form because of the cost.Additionally, 84 percent of working-age people in the U.S. without insurance coverage for prescriptions said they had taken some action such as spending less on groceries or postponing paying other bills in order to pay for their medications, an amplification from 71 percent last year (Rowan, 2012). Regarding testing for patients with cancer there should be more funding for the new technology available for test tha t many patients are not aware, because they cannot afford it or simply because it is not available in their area.Spending Too much or not enough?In 2010, $2.6 trillion was spent on health care services and products, 61 percent of which purchased hospital care, physician and clinical services, and retail prescription drugs. Private health insurance paid for 33 percent, out-of-pocket sources for 12 percent, and other third party payers and programs for 7 percent. The two largest government health care programs, Medicare and Medicaid, purchased $925.1 billion worth of health care goods and services in 2010, accounting for 36 percent of total health care spending (Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, 2012).The increase of cost would continue to stick out according to economists, health care managers, and advisors forcing for a new reform to change the system. Thus many are not too please with this idea is a phenomenal that cannot be avoid, there is a need to change in policies a nd methods in which we spent or invest in health care.Suggesting that the investment is too little would be a self-renunciation statement, everyday more and more patients are relying on programs such as Medicare and Medicaid to get the attention required at the moment. As the economic recession desexualize in deeper less would be available to afford just the basic needs, medication or any treatment unemployment rates are on the rise and it does not seem it would stop anytime soon. Although the new reform would try to establish some type of stability, until the insurance companies and policy makers come to an agreement to provide a universal premium for service which can be affordable for all, the same problems would continue to emerge.Many factors also have effect on spending considering for fashion model the demand for new technology in the 21st century this trend has become to some degree a factor in the rise on health care spending. Much of this new technology is beneficial if it provides a new way to used already establish technology, however many studies have revealed that most of them are only here to replace such technology and at some circumstances increase the cost of service. As a country a deeper consideration of such technology is needed not only to save money, but to invest wisely as to what would help the system chip in spending.Future economic needs of health careFor years to come the enduring effects of the economic recession and slow recovery, due broadly speaking because of partial growth in incomes, are anticipate to continue to limit health spending growth. In 2014 the coverage expansions laid out in the cheap Care Act for Medicaid and for private health insurance are expected to increase the growth rate for health spending, with notable increases expected in spending on physician services and prescription drugs for newly insured patients. By the end of the year, higher income growth and the continuing shift of baby boomers into Med icare are expected to cause health spending to grow roughly two percentage points faster than overall economic growth, which is about the same differential experienced over the past thirty years. in that locationfore a necessary reform of a national health care perhaps would provide the change needed, the only have it off with this suggestion is the funding. Thus a national health care would help every citizen reach the so needed medical attention required at an affordable price there is no surprise that the funding through Federal programs are thinning, and the cost of private insurance keeps on raising. Therefore a more evaluated reform should be put in place where the cost of care should be regulated, and more affordable options are given to the population an increase on reimbursement of healthcare for basic health needs is necessary to subsidize the cost for complex health needs in order to keep the cost regulated.According to Centers For Medicare And Medicaid Services (2011), In 2014, national health spending is projected to rise to 7.4 percent, or 2.1 percentage-points faster than in the absence of reform, as the major coverage expansions from the Affordable Care Act (ACA) are expected to result in 22 million fewer uninsured people (National Health Expenditure Projections 2011-2021).Increases in Medicaid spending growth, and private health insurance growth will contribute to the overall acceleration in national health spending in 2014. There is no question that technology would also continue to raise to help the system provide the best and fast way possible services to those in need. Investing more in health care can only benefit the nation however the right decisions needs to be made in order to keep the spending growth under control.ReferenceCenters for Medicare and Medicaid Services. (2012). Retrieved from http//www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems/Statistics-Trends-and-Reports/NationalHealthExpendData/downloads/dsm-10.pdfCenters for Medi care and Medicaid Services. (2011). Retrieved from http//www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems/Statistics-Trends-and-Reports/NationalHealthExpendData/Downloads/Proj2011PDF.pdfMartin A.B. et al., Growth In US Health Spending Remained Slow in 2010 Health Share of Gross Domestic Product Was Unchanged from 2009, Health Affairs, 2012.Physicians for a National Health Program. (2012). Retrieved from http//www.pnhp.org/news/2012/june/2012-health-care-spending-including-administrationRowan, K. (2012). Fox news.com. Retrieved from http//www.foxnews.com/health/2012/09/13/why-americans-prescriptions-are-going-unfilled/

Food Habits Changing After Food, Inc

The documentary Food, Inc was created to show viewers what is being put on their plates and has given(p) me an altered view towards the food industry which has drastically swopd my food habits. Many emotional scenes were shown on this ikon to give viewers empathy towards the problem that is occurring. The documentary shows many a(prenominal) vivid details and explains what is in the food that consumers eat. The call for food, Inc influenced my habits of consumption by eating organic meats, purchasing most foods in the farmers market, and checking for food labels. I pose learned that there is a big difference in organic and non-organic meats.Animals raised organically argon not allowed to be fed antibiotics or early(a) drugs and cannot eat genetically modified foods. Eating organic meats is not only helping animals still also preventing the consumer from a possible disease outbreak that may occur due to the mistreatment of animals. The meat comes from a sustainable farm that uses the manure productively as organic fertilizer. The manure is pure, coming from animals fed an organic pabulum which ensures consumers that there will not be any exposure to chemicals. Consumers feel safe knowing that the certified organic meat wont legal injury them in the long-run.Going to a farmers market helps consumers because everything is fresh, locally grown, and certified organic which gives the buyer no doubts. When purchasing meat from an organic farm stand at a farmers market, consumers take over that farm. On the other hand, buying non-organic meat that isnt local, free-range, or ranch-raised from a supermarket chain will most likely support a multinational food corporation. After the experience change in some of the famers supermarkets, I also started realizing the foods tasted better and after eating, I felt lightness and full at the same time.I also saw that costs were higher than the farmers markets but it truly made a difference to purchase organic make gr ow and meats. It decreased health risks like diabetes and obesity. Food labels are essential to consumers because they stay alert with what they eat everywhere they go. I have always wondered how many calories are in the food in restaurants as well as other types of foods that I buy at the grocery store. Most restaurants dont hear the actual nutritional value of their food which is why its important for consumers to remember to check and be aware of what is going to be in their bodies.The film transmits this message to its viewers by showing consumers foods that have glucose and Trans fat than expected. There can be many ingredients or a high number of calories that a consumer may not know about but after looking at a label, it will give the consumer peace of mind or change their mind on whether they will eat it or not. Food, Inc helped me realize and understand that its critical for consumers to be cautious about how different foods can ask their overall health. This led me to ch ange some of my eating habits such as buying organic meats, which helped me choose my foods wisely.Being aware lets consumers like me stay healthy. Food, Inc taught me a flowerpot about buying organic animal products because its better for health, the community, and it can also benefit consumers in the long-run. I would recommend that all consumers watch this film and understand the positive aspects of it because it gives some critical points about the food industry and backs them up with evidence. Food is important for the body and it helps an individual survive every day, but it can also be deadly. Its all about making the right decisions when it comes to the consumers food habits.

Fast food and homemade food Essay

Homemade fodder is better than lush intellectual nourishment because its healthy, cheaper, and you control whats in your food. Food is the most important thing that keeps us bouncy so we flip to choose wisely on what we waste. But some people choose to feast repasts that are giving to you in less than five minutes than a meal that takes thirty or more minutes. Fast food and homemade food also have their similarities because you could choose what you want to eat and when you want it.Fast food attracts people because its ready to go anytime of the day and many people applyt have that time to actually make a meal. Many people rely on fast food because its convenient to them and you could find a fast food place at almost any corner in a t deliver. Everyone is busy youre a college student, you work a lot, or your kids are keeping you busy so you are always in a kicking so you dont have the time to make a actual meal merely that doesnt mean your eating habits have to be a rush.Wh en youre making food at home you have control of the ingredients going in and whats not going in. When eating fast food you dont know if its health because you dont know what is being dictate in the food youre eating. For example, you could go to McDonalds and get a hamburger from the dollar menu or make your own at home, they both mind the same and are probably going to be the same size but the differences between them are the calories in the hamburger and the tastes.By making your own you know what kind of percent of fat is in the meat. Almost all fast food restaurants look for deals so they would barter for meat that has more percent of fat because its cheaper than meat that has less percent of fat. People keep feeding their kids fast food but what they dont think somewhat is it could lead their children to obesity in the future. By feeding them home made food you will have more control of their weight and they will have more energy throughout the day.Cooking at home dose ta ke time out of your day but you also save a lot moremoney than eating out because when you cook at home you could cook one meal and that meal could last you all day or you could save the food for the next day. For example you could buy a five pound bag of chicken breast and use it for different types of meals for the week. Also, cooking at home could bring you family together and make the preparation go by faster.Both fast food and homemade food have differences and similarities. Fast food is more convenient and takes less time were as homemade food is healthier and saves you money.

Cyber Bullying-Exploratory Essay

Cyber bullying has been a topic for Psychologists, Parents, and policy reform since the commercialization of the Internet. Pre-internet bullying problematical socially marginalized children and teenagedagers picking on their friends and other marginalized children in the school yard. Traditional discipline included detentions, telephone calls to their parents, and some sort of reconciliation between the children involved. Today however, the climate for bullies has dramatically changed and the risk-reward balance has been significantly atilt in favour of the bullies. Today, bullies can simply connect to the Internet and create aliases (real or anonymous) through idle e-mail services, instant messaging services, and social networking services. They then use these means to effectively bully person without the victim ever knowing who they may actually be.Psychologists believe that cyberbullying is a major cause of teen depression now days. They also believe that cyberbullying can ca use several long term effect such as social awkwardness, mental issues, depression, and much more. close to psychologists believe that when patients come into their office with pure(a) depression issues they should ask questions about cyberbullying or bullying in general.From the parents point of view they touch as though there should be laws against cyberbullying. Many fear that their child could become a victim of cyberbullying and that scares them. Some feel that the internet should have more guidelines to help prevent the things that happen to some people.Victims of cyberbullying are some other perspective. They know more about the issue than any of the others. They are in the action and see and feel how it works. The victims want cyberbullying to stop and want laws be made up in order to stop it. I believe that cyberbullying should be stopped. I believe cyberbullying is much worse than physical bullying. I believe that the effect of cyberbullying have a much bigger effect on victims of cyberbullying then most people think.

Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Prevention Interventions: Haiti 2010

Primary prevention and treat interventions include the workers and volunteers receiving available, necessary and appropriate shots prior to entering Haiti. For the Haitians, immunization would to a fault be given. This is very primary(prenominal) against, Hepatitis, and other rare, yet deadly diseases, such as measles, mumps, rubella, and pertussis.Education regarding synthetic rubber and proper sanitation practices hand washout and personal hygiene maintaining trash in designated areas staying active by volunteering/assisting and caring for other fellow Haitian children and neighbors clearing and cleaning out clutter and using available resources to cook and keep foods in safe places that are clean dry and free from infestations of bugs clearing out puddles of water that attract mosquitoes and assigning an comely amount of people per shelter or tent in order to not overcrowd any particular living/sleeping quarters and lastly educated patients on the first sign of diarrhoeal d isease and to seek medical attention in order to contain the disease.Secondary Prevention nursing Interventions junior-grade prevention would occur during the acute stage of the disaster. These interventions of course would differ depending on the token and scope of the disaster. Generally, the stopping point of secondary prevention intervention is to decrease the deleterious effects of the disaster on individuals and the confederation. In the type of disaster where theres the possibility of many another(prenominal) casualties, several types of activities depart take place simultaneously.Police, fire, and other first responders will be conducting search-and-rescue operations as rise up as security operations. To provide help for as many people as possible, triage activities will be taking place in the field as salubrious as in emergency departments. If proper planning occurred prior to the disaster, casualties would be transported to many different institutions in an effort to avoid any one institution being overwhelmed. Hospitals are often perceived as a safe haven. A sound hospital disaster plan will include plans for how to get by non injured survivors of disasters. Finding a place away from the chaos to provide supportive bang is desirable.Aside from providing care to the physically injured, secondary prevention strategies would also address decreasing the long-term emotional affects of trauma. As give tongue to previously, how individuals cope with trauma depends on a myriad of factors. Lastly, secondary prevention strategies would also address the present(prenominal) community education pick ups. People need to be educated about the signs and symptoms of test reactions and the available community resources where they can receive help. Its important to teach people to develop healthy coping strategies, such as seeking support from family and friends, joining a support group, practicing relaxation techniques, and taking care of their physical health. (See addressable Web resources.)Tertiary prevention strategies are interventions that are designed to meet the long-term needs of individuals and the community later the disaster has been resolved. The required types and scope of 3rd services will largely be determined by the type and scope of the disaster. There will be a certain amount of people wholl need long-term services. Experts suggest a need for long-term treatment strategies that include individual, group, and family therapy effective pharmacotherapy as well as short and long term hospitalization and rehabilitation. Implementing programs that foster healing is another important tertiary intervention. Providing places for people to speak with others about their feelings is beneficial to healing.Its important to provide programs that teach people about stress responses, normal and abnormal coping strategies, and when and how to seek help. Parenting programs can help mothers and fathers learn how to provide suppor t to their children and also to recognize symptoms of stress response. There are four phase, the Mitigation, Preparedness, Response and Recovery. These prevention interventions would be started as earlier as the 1st phase, and throughout 4th phase. I would enroll the collaboration of the CDC (Center for Disease Control and Prevention), the carmine Cross and FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency). I would also call on charitable organizations such as the catholic charities, to come in and help.

African Rock Python Essay

The Afri dirty dog wave python. It is Domain Eukarya. Domain is the highest taxonomic rank of organisms, higher than a kingdom. The Afri tummy stir python falls under Eukarya because it is a multicellular organism composed of eukaryotic cells. It is earth Anamalia. Kingdom is the second highest rank. It falls under Anamalia for obvious reasons. It is Phylum Chordata. Phylum is the primary division of the plant or cr immerseure kingdom. It is Class Reptilia. Class is a group of related plants or animals, in the general classification of plants and animals. The African rock python falls under Reptilia because it has a characteristic of being cold-blooded.It is Order Squamata. Order is a taxonomic rank used in classifying organisms, generally below the class, and comprised of families sharing a set of homogeneous nature or characteristics. The African rock python shed their skin periodically and take in very pliable jaws, which be characteristics of Squamata. It is Family Python idae. Organisms belonging to the same family would fork up evolved from the same ancestors and share relatively common characteristics. The Pythonidae family is a family of non-venomous serpents who are properly constrictors that wrap around their prey to kill it.This family includes the African rock python. Its Genus Python. In binomial nomenclature, the genus is used as the first word of a scientific name. Its Species Python sebae. Species is the second disunite of the name is the binomial nomenclature. The name Python Sebae was derived from the Greek mythology, which refers to a huge serpent. The largest snake in Africa and the third largest snake in the world, the African rock python, fork out long bulky bodies. Snakes are considered vertebrates because they have a backbone, a closed circulatory system, where the heart and blood vessels are continuously contracting.The blood never leaves the blood vessels. The outside layer of the epidermis is thick and lacks glands. It is characterized by keratin scales. Ranging anywhere from an average size of it of 18 to 20 feet long, but can grow up to 28 feet long The females are larger than the males and can entreat almost 300lbs. However the size may vary according to their natural habitat. It is amazing to note that in areas where there is a higher population, the size of the African rock python has been smaller in size, as compared to areas where valet habitat is less the African rocknroll Python snake is much bigger in ize.African Rock Pythons are ofttimes tan with brown spots that have black outlines. This serve heads them camouflage in the environment, and gives them an favour to hunt their prey or hide from potential predators. This is considered cryptic camouflage. A V-shape noticeably marks the face. This python is non-venomous, and has teeth curved inward to help pull in prey when ingest. Like all pythons, the scales of the African rock python are small and smooth, and those nearby the lips c ontrol heat-sensitive pits, which are used to distinguish warm-blooded prey, even in the dark.Pythons likewise possess two functioning lungs, unlike much advanced snakes which have only one, and also have small, visible pelvic spurs, desired to be the remnants of hind limbs. It is said that snakes are evolved from lizards that burrowed in tunnels or in water, and the use of hind legs made it harder for them to burrow. Over time there legs started to grow shorter and eventually becoming useless, departure behind what is now cognize as there spurs, located right before the anus. The rate of this growth occurred at a slow constant pace over millions of years.This evidence of evolution would be considered phylogeny, the evolutionary relationship among species. African rock pythons reside in sub-Saharan Africa, but prefer evergreen forests or moist, open savannahs. You leave alone al ports most likely find an African rock python associated with water and often are found near river s and lakes. The African rock python has recently been found on the loose in Florida. Not many do it how the massive snake happened to come about in Florida. Many believe they were released purposely, because the owner or breeder was ill-equipped for the intensity of this particular snake.A frightening factor has arisen since the African rock python has inhabited the south Florida territory. The Burmese python has already established foothold in the Everglades. The fear of a new Super Snake breed arising if the Burmese and African rock python were to mate, strikes fear that a inter action python may be on the rise in the Everglades. Knowing that the African rock is bigger and more aggressive than the Burmese python which is about 17 feet long, the super snake would surpass that length. It would not only prevent the ecosystem but would also be dangerous for families with small children.The python hunts by smelling food with its tongue, flicking it up and down. Although the African rock python are already powerful on land, this brainy serpent employs an even more important-looking tactic underwater. Ever adaptable, the pythons that reside near water thrive on fish. Much older snakes can use the water to its advantage and hunt greater prey. They can remain under water and any 30 minutes come up to take a discrete breath. It uses heat-sensing organs, called photoreceptors to detect warm-blooded prey. Because the African rock python is non-venomous it squeezes its food.Every time the prey exhales, the python constricts a little more, so that inhalation becomes increasingly difficult. death is caused mostly by cardiac arrest rather than myths or urban legends articulating that their prey was crushed to death. African rock pythons, as well as every python, are carnivores. Their diet consists of large rodents, monkeys, antelopes, crocodiles, dogs, goats, and poultry . They have strong acids inside their stomach which helps them to digest their food. It is rare o f the African rock python hunting for humans.After eating a large animal, the python needs no food for a long time, and may rest for weeks. In this engorged state, it is most vulnerable to attack by predators. In most cases if the snake feels threatened it will regurgitate the food and escape to shelter. African Rock Python becomes sexually active as early as 3-5 years old and reproduce during the spring. The female snake lets out a pheromone which attracts the male snake to mate. During the breeding season both the sexes fast and the female continues the fast till the eggs are hatched. African rock pythons fall under the subclass protheria.They are oviparous, meaning they reproduce by laying eggs, which hatch outside the fetchs body. Surprisingly the python shows distinct mother instincts by coiling around the eggs, protecting them from predators, and incubating the eggs to help with development until they hatch, which is about 90 days. Which makes this species rather interesting as parenting is quite a foreign design to reptiles. Hatchlings are between 1824 inches in length, and have temper when born. Some are know to strike when hatching. They are nearly identical to adults, except with more distinguishing colors.African Rock Python can have it away up to 12 years in wild however they can live up to 30 years in captivity. It is said that the African rock python is does not run the risk of extinction, but is listed on Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). There is a high demand for the pythons skin and meat in the market, mostly to make leather, belts and purses. Exporting of these alien animals is known to be illegal. Some of the African rock pythons habitats are also known to be under threat due to destruction for the oil industry.In some cases the African rock python world power be a prey to hyenas or the African wild dogs during their digestion period, but aside from humans, adult African rock pythons ha ve very few natural predators due to their large size. For the reason that these species can bother significant sizes, their constricting power must be respected. Most cases found of African rock pythons swallowing a crocodile whole, later to be found that the crocodile was not digested and penetrated the skin of the python. Although this species can easily kill an adult, there are only a few cases in which the victim, in most cases a child, was actually consumed.Rare cases have been reported of an African rock python consuming a 10 year old boy, or attempting to eat a child. In another case a 13 year old was swallowed, but the python was laboured to regurgitate the body. The African rock python began being known as Man-eating snake. This factor of their strength, as well as size, separates this python from most other snakes. Maybe even all reptiles for that matter. African rock pythons have been known to go after monitor lizards, which are known to very aggressive and strong.This is one reason why African rock pythons should not be considered a first pet for someone who wants to own a snake. People who are ill-equipped owners or breeders do not know what to expect and end up getting ahead of themselves, and can no longer handle a beast that they just irresponsibly release them, no knowing what their actions have lead to. The African rock python has many fascinating features, from the way they hunt, the way they eat, live, breed, how big of an importance they to the environment not only around animals but humans as well.Its amazing at how big they can get and to know exactly how powerful they can be. The types of animals they can bring down are twice their size. Their lifestyle captures my attention. Besides the fact, that I am attracted to alien pets, I own a Royal python, commonly known as a Ball python. exchangeable to the African rock python, the ball python is considered more docile and smaller in length and hopefully size in the future, but it is sti ll a dangerous animal and should not be handled lightly. This research radical has added to my knowledge of the African rock python as well as other common snakes.I have learned that what may seem to be a harmless hatchling at birth, can grow into an overgrown, powerful killing machine. This is also known as fatal attraction. I know that if I wanted to know release my ball python into the wild I would know how to do it properly. The choice of owning a python, or any snake for that matter , is a choice that needs to be taken seriously, these animals require attention, a unchangeable and healthy living environment, and patience. You never know what to expect from them or when to expect something from them.